Nut-machine



W. E. WARD.

Nut Machine.

Patented Oct. 7.1856.

zwi/vf.; $55

N. PETERS. Pmwmhagmplwr. Washington, D. C.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT onirica WILLIAM` E. WARD, OF PORT CHESTER, NEWYORK.

NUT-MACHINE.

Speccation of Letters Patent No. 15,861, dated` October 7, 1856.

To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, VILLIAM E.` VARD, of `Port Chester, in the State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinesfor Cutting, Punching, and Forging or Swaging Nuts or lVashers, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, making `part of this specification, inwhich;

taken at the lines A, a, and B, b, of Fig. 2,

and looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 6, representsseparate views of such of the cams as do no-t clearly appear in theother gures. y s y The same letters indicate like parts inall thefigures.

In my said machine the nut blanks are formed from a bar of heated ironor suitable size which is presented to the face of a die and insuccession pushed forward against a gage by an operator. A nut blank iscut off from the end of the bar by a punch and die of the form of thecircumference of the nut, and as this is forced through and discharged,by the continuation of the` same motion and by another and parallelpunch the hole is punched in the bar for the next` nut blank. As the nutblanks are in succession discharged (from the die in which they are cutthey are taken by a pair of jaws and transferred to, and held in frontof, a central 'mandrel which is forced into the central hole thereof, tohold and turn it during the after operations. :The punched and cut nutbeing thus held and turned by the mandrel it is swaged on the two `facesby sliding swages which are operated inthe line ofthe axis of themandrel, and it is also forged on the edges by two hammers which work inopposite directions, and simultaneously, and at right angles to the axisof the mandrel which is occasionally turned to present the several facesof thenut to the action of the hammers whether the nuts be square,hexagonal, octagonal or of other number of sides, or if round to presentin succession the several parts ofthe circumference.` L

In the' accompanying drawings a represents a frame which may be of anysuitable form, with a vertical cross channel b made in the upper' partin which the bar of heated iron from which the nuts are to be c ut ispresented and held by the attendant. one of the vertical faces of thischannel is fitted the die c which is held in place by a keyor othersuitable means. This die is formed with two apertures side by side `(seeFig. 5) the one d round and of the size of the central hole in the nutsto be made, and the other c square and a little larger than theint-ended size of the nuts. The holes in the dies are extended throughthe solid part of the metal in which the die is` embedded as shown inFig. 3 where they are indicated In i by the same letters as the holes inthe die.

There is a stop or gage f, projecting from the face of the die, and atone edge of the square hole e against which the attendant spending in`size, form, and position, with the holes in the die, and these punchesare both tted (in any suitable manner `to admit of being changed) to theforward end of a metallic stock z', adapted to slide longit-udinally andaccurately in one of the head stocks of the frame, so that the puncheswill move accurately in the line of the corresponding holes in the die.The `outer. end of the stock z', is connected by strong jointlinks y',j, with the upper arm of a strong lever la, which turns on a fulcrum pinZ, and the lower arm of this lever has a strong projecting wrist or pinm, which is made to bear against the face of a rim cam n, on the end ofthe cam shaft 0 by the tension of a spring p, linkedto the lower arm ofthe said lever. This cam is represented as developed at n, in Fig. 6,and as this cam rotates and its face from 1 to 2 passes by the wrist orpin m, the punches are held stationary at their greatest distance from`the die, sothat the attendant can push the end of the bar of ironagainst the gage 7"; the face of the cam then rises in a gradual planefrom 2 to 3,`to force the square punch through the bar of iron and intothe square hole of the die to punch out a piece of iron of nearly thesize of the intended nut and force itthrough the hole to discharge it onthe other side where it is received and transferred to the afteroperations in manner to be hereinafter described. The same action forcesthe round punch through the bar of iron to punch the round hole for thenext nut to be cut off at the next operation. The cam from 3 to 4,recedes for the purpose of drawing back the punches so far that the barof iron can be pushed between the die and the round punch and againstthe square punch to gage the place Where the first round hole is to bepunched in the end of a fresh bar. From the point 4 to 5, the camretains the punches in a fixed position and from 5 to the place ofbeginning the face of the cam recedes to draw back the punches to theirutmost rear position. After the first hole has been punched in a bar,the attendant at the subsequent operations pushes the end of the baragainst the gage before described. In this way the whole length of thebar is made use of. As the square punch cuts off' one nut, the roundpunch punches the central hole in the bar for the nut to be cut off atthe next operation by the square punch; but if the bar at thecommencement was pushed against the gage f, the first piece cut offwould be wit-hout a central hole, this I avoid by giving to the punchesa rest in their back motion so that when a fresh bar is introduced theattendant can make use of the square punch as a gage by which to set thebar for the punching of the first hole. As 'the punched nut blank isdischarged in front by thesecond motion of the square punch it is forcedbetween and held by a pair of spring jaws g, on the end of an arm r, ona rock shaft s, which is provided with another arm t, connected by ajoint link u, with the outer end of a lever o. This lever turns on afulcrum pin at fw, and is provided with a pin see Fig. 2, which rests onthe periphery of a cam y, on the cam shaft 0. The form of this camrepresented at y, Fig. 6, is concentric from the point 1 to 2, to holdup the spring jaws in front of the square hole through which the out nutblank is discharged and from 2 to l, there is a depression to permit thejaws to descend by the gravity of the parts to carry the nut blank downto the required position for the insertion of the mandrel in the centralhole thereof. The extent of the downward motion of the spring jaws isgaged by a gaged set screw e, tapped into the arm 1^, of the jaws, andthe head acts as a gage by coming in contact with the head of one of thehammers to be presently described. But the motion may be gaged in anyother manner.

So soon as the nut blank is carried down by the spring jaws the mandrela is forced into its central hole to hold it, and the jaws are thenlifted up out of the way of the hammers andto their original positionpreparatory to receiving another nut blank. The end of the mandrel awhich fits into the central hole of the nut is pointed, and, back of thepoint, slightly tapering so that it may enter ther hole freely and holdthe nut when forced in. Back of this part the mandrel is of an enlargedsize and cylindrical, and passes through and slides freely, butaccurately, in one of the hollow cylindrical face swages b, to bepresently described. And the back end of this mandrel is connected by ajoint link c', with the end of the upper arm of a lever cl', that turnson a fulcrum pin e, the end of the lower arm being provided with a wristor pin which, by Vthe tension of a spring g', is made to bear againstthe face of a rim cam f', on the cam shaft 0, by which the lever isoperated to work the mandrel. The form of this cam is represented asdeveloped at f in Fig. 6. From the point l to 2 it presents a planeinclined to the plane of rotation to force the mandrel into the hole ofthe nut blank, and from 2 to 3 it is slightly depressed to draw back themandrel and bring the nut blank in line between the hammers (to bepresently described) which forge the edges; and then from the point 3 to4, the said cam is in the plane of rotation to keep the nuttin place,and from 4 the face of the cam recedes to the place of beginning to drawthe mandrel out of the nut blank by which it is discharged.

The sleeve b which surrounds the mandrel is a hollow cylinder fitted toslide accurately, but freely, on the mandrel, and within a rockingsleeve shaft h', mounted in suitable boxes in one of the heads of theframe. The mandrel is feathered to the sleeve which is in turn featheredto the rocking sleeve shaft h so that the turning of the rocking sleeveshaft 7i', will turn the mandrel which is swiveled to the link whichconnects its rear end with the lever by which it is movedlongitudinally. The inner end of the sleeve b is made of a form thereverse of the face of the intended nut, and constitutes the swage orface of the hammer for swaging or forging one face of the nut. Back ofthis sleeve or face swage, and in line with it, there is another andcorresponding swage adapted to slide longitudinally and freely, butaccurately, in the other head stock of the frame, and the face of thisswage is made of the same form with the other, or of any other form tosuit the intended form of nuts to be manufactured, and there is acentral hole in the face of this swage to receive the point of themandrel, and the face of this swage presents resistance to the nut blankwhen the mandrel is forced into it. It is on this account also that themandrel is drawn back a short distance after it is inserted in the nutblank, that the face of the nut may be withdrawn from the face of thesaid swage.

The two swages b, b, are drawn apar by the tension of springs t", i,acting each on a collar on the outer end of each of the swages, and theyare forced toward each other to swage or hammer the faces of the nuts bymeans of two levers j', j, one at each end of the machine. These leversturn on fulcrum pins r, 7c. Their upper arms bear against the outer endsof the swages, and their lower arms are acted upon by two pintles Z, Z,with rounded ends, one end of each is fitted to a socket lin the innerface of one of the lower arms of each lever, and the other end to asocket ineach outer face of a forked lever m, which vibrates on journalsat n, a. This forked lever is lifted and depressed twice in eachrotation of the cam shaft 0, by two cam projections o', o', on oppositesides of a cam wheel p, on the shaft o, and the working of this forkedlever by means of the interposed pintles makes them act in the manner ofa toggle joint lever to operate the levers j, j, to work the swages.

At right angles to the line of motion of the face swages b', b, are twohammer levers g, g', that turn on a fulcrum pin r. These hammer leversare placed one `on each side of the mandrel, and the inner faces oftheir upper arms are` made of the form required for hammering the edgesof the nuts. Their lower arms are curved inward above the cam shaft 0,so as to be within a short distance, and they are both connected byjoint links s, s', with the end of a forked lever t, which is liftedfour times in each rotation of the cam shaft o, by tappets u', on theperiphery of a wheel u, on the said shaft o. The lifting of the forkedlever 25', causes the joint links s', s to act in the manner of togglejoint levers on the levers g', g', to hammer the edges of the nut. Thefour tappets u, are arranged in pairs, the spaces between the two pairsbeing greater than the spaces between the two constituting each pair,the object of the greater space between two of them is to give time forthe action of the feed motion and the space opposite to give time forthe action of the tap-pet 0 on the cam p.

The sleeve rock shaft 7L', which is outside of, and concentric with,th'e mandrel, is provided with an arm fw', connected by a joint link m',with one arm of `a lever y', which turns on a fulcrum pin e, the otherarm being so formed as to be borne by the tension of a spring a, againstthe periphery of a cam c, on the cam shaft o, and the form of this camis snchas to turn the sleeve shaft, and with it the mandrel and nut, aquarter of a revolution and back during each rotation of the shaft 0,and in the periods of time to be described. The succession of operationsis as follows-viz: The nut blank is punched, cut off, forced into thespring jaws, and the spring jaws depressed to bring the nut blank withits of the hammers.

central hole in the required position, the mandrel pushed forward intothe nut, the face swage making resistance. The mandrel is then drawnback a short distance to remove the nu-t blank from the face of theswage b, and in line with the side hammers, which are then operated tostrike each a blow on the opposite edges of the nut, and retire. The nutis then turned a quarter of a revolution by the rock sleeve shaft, thetwo hammers then strike each a blow and retire. The two face swages arethen forced up against thetwo faces of the nut and ret-ire; then thetwoside hammers strike each a blow, the nut is again turned a quarterrevolution, and again the side hammers strike each a blow and retire,and the two face swages are again forced up to complete the swaging ofthe faces of the nut, and as they retire the mandrel is drawn backwithin the sleeve swage b', by which the nut is discharged and themachine left in the condition to repeat the series of operations.

I have describedthe faces of the two side hammers as being fiat andparallel to strike on opposite sides of the edges of the nuts, so thatby turning the nut one quarter of a revolution and again operating't-hehammers the four faces on the circumference of the nut are hammered. Butit will be obvious that by simply changing the form of the cam c, thenut can be forged with a greater number of sides, such as exhagonal oroctagonal so long as the polygon is of an even number of sides. But Ihave contemplated making the faces of each of the two hammers torepresent two faces of the polygon of the nut. As for instance forsquare nuts the face of each hammer will represent the two sides of aright angle triangle so that when the two hammers are brought togetherthey will inclose the four sides of the nut. This will have the effectmore thoroughly to compact the iron. In that case however it will benecessary to so form i the cam c as to turn the mandrel with the nut oneeighth of a revolution so soon as the nut is left on the mandrel by thespring jaws, so as to present the angles of the nut to the action of thehammers and then to give the othermovements as above described. Orinstead of turning the mandrel a quarter of a revolution the same resultmay be obtained by a change of position of the spring jaws. Foroctagonal nuts the two hammers may be made each with two facesrepresenting two sides of the Octagon, in which case the motions of themandrel fully described above will be sufficient. And for polygonal nutsit will only be necessary to modify the form of the cam c, to suit thenumber of sides and the form of the faces In whatever form however thenuts are to be forged the punch and Vthe die which cut the nut blanksfrom the bar should be of a corresponding form to avoid the necessity oftoo much hammering and swaging.

It will be obvious that washers can be forged in the above describedmachine as well as nuts. And that if desired round nuts or washers canbe forged as well as of the forms specified by changing the form of thefaces of the side hammers.

I do not wish to be understood as limiting my claim of invention to thespecial form, construction, or arrangement of the several parts, as thesame mode of operation may be obtained by the substitution ofequivalents.

I claim as new and as my inventionl. The two punches arranged side byside and operated substantially as described, for punching the centeredhole, cutting off the blanks from the bar, and discharging the same,substantially as described, in combination with the two holes or twodies so that a hole is punched in the bar for another nut during thecontinued motion of the punch to discharge the nut which was cut odduring the previous part of the same motion.

2. I also claim in combination with the equivalent thereof fortransferring the nut blank from the die to the mandrel, and thereholding it until the mandrel enters the hole, substantially asdescribed.

3. I also claim the holding of the nut blanks on the mandrel incombination with the swages for swaging the faces of the nuts,substantially as described.

4. I also claim in combination with the mandrel for holding and turningthe nut blanks, substantially as described, the employment of thehammers for hammering or swaging the edges of the nuts, substantially asdescribed.

5. And finally I claim the combination of the swages for swaging thefaces of the nuts, with the hammers for forging the edges of the nuts,substantially as specified, by means of which the metal is thoroughlycompacted in all directions and a good finish given the entire blank. f

IVM. E. WARD. Witnesses:

IVM. I-I. BISHOP, Criss. A. VVILsoN.

